HISTORY
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Before the arrival of the Europeans, various tribes of Native Americans lived in what is now New York State. There were two primary confederations: the Algonquian and the Iroquois.
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Henry Hudson sailed up what is now called the Hudson River in 1609. He claimed the region for the Dutch. What is now New York City was called New Amsterdam, and the country beyond (now called Upstate) was called the New Netherlands.
The English attacked in 1664 and claimed the land for a new British colony, renaming the area New York. (For more on old "York," the region in Great Britain for which the state is named, visit www.york-united-kingdom.co.uk.)
New York remained a British colony for more than a century, until declaring independence in 1776. The new state joined 12 other colonies to create the first 13 states of the United States of America.
Many decisive Revolutionary War battles were fought in New York, including the Battle of Saratoga, which most scholars consider the turning point in the war.
After the Revolutionary War, George Washington predicted that New
York would be the "seat of the Empire," giving New York
its nickname "the Empire State."
Other New York highlights include:
Late 17th Century: The Dutch in New Amsterdam construct a crude wall of timber and earth to keep out invading British. While the wall was never tested in battle, it became a site of trade and commerce: Wall Street. Later, at the site of a tree at one end of the street, where traders and dealers would gather informally, the New York Stock Exchange was founded.
This was the start of New York’s importance to the nation’s economy, and later to the global economy. For more information on the history of the New York Stock Exchange, and Wall Street, visit www.nyse.com/about/history/1022221392987.html.
1797- Albany is selected as the third capital of the state. Lawmakers had previously been headquartered in New York City and Kingston. More information about Albany is at www.albanyny.org/.
1802- Robert Fulton demonstrates the steamboat on the Hudson River, opening the door for further trade and increased travel between the southern and northern parts of the state. For more on the steamboat and Robert Fulton, visit www.robertfulton.org.
1817- Construction of the Erie Canal begins. The Canal was completed and opened in 1825. It linked New York City with Buffalo and the Midwest. For more on the importance of the Erie Canal and how it helped to shape the economy and demographics of the state, visit this Web site, put together by the University at Rochester.
1883- The Brooklyn Bridge, which connects Brooklyn with Manhattan, opens with great fanfare. For more interesting facts about this architectural marvel and its importance to New York, the city and state, visit this unofficial Brooklyn Bridge Web site.
1892- Ellis Island opens making the state the gateway into America. Only four years later, in 1896, the Statue of Liberty, a gift from France, was dedicated in New York’s harbor. For more on the Statue of Liberty, and New York’s place in immigration history, visit www.ellisisland.com.
1895- New York lawmakers pass the “Forever Wild” amendment to the state constitution. The amendment guarantees that the Adirondack and Catskills Forest Preserve will forever be protected from development. New York is the only state to have such an amendment, and today, the Adirondack Park, comprised of 6 million acres, is the largest state park in the continental United States and six times the size of Yellowstone National Park. For more information on New York’s “Forever Wild” amendment, and the Adirondack Forest Preserve, visit www.adirondack-park.net/mainframe.html.
1912- The New York Yankees begin playing in pinstripes.
1920- The Yankees purchase Babe Ruth from the Boston Red Sox. This begins what Red Sox fans consider the 86-year "curse" of the Bambino (Babe Ruth's nickname). During that period, the Red Sox failed to win a single World Series. (But in 2004, the Red Sox defeated their arch-rivals the Yankees to win the American League pennant, then went on to defeat the St. Louis Cardinals to win their first World Series title since 1918.)
1931- On May 1, the 102-story Empire Building is dedicated. It remains the tallest building in the state until the construction of the World Trade Center in 1972. The Empire State Building’s official page, with more information on the building's construction, use and history, is at www.esbnyc.com.
1929- The stock market crashes and the Great Depression begins. Tens of millions of American citizens find themselves destitute, and, for the first time in American history, banks collapsed. New York’s governor at the time, Franklin D. Roosevelt, extends relief and provides a general pension system for individuals over the age of 70. Roosevelt was elected President in 1932 and extended the New York program to the nation in what became the Social Security system.
Across New York, localities begin public works projects to put the unemployed to work. Those projects include such things as the Triborough Bridge and as well as the clubhouse at the old Albany Municipal Golf Course.
1941- America's involvement in World War II begins with bombing of Pearl Harbor by Japanese forces on December 7, 1941. New York operated as an important manufacturing, recruiting and embarkation base for the nation’s war effort as well as the home of the Manhattan Project that developed the atomic bomb.
1950- The new international conference of countries, the United Nations, establishes its headquarters in New York. For more information on the UN and its history, visit www.un.org.
1970- The North Tower of the World Trade Center is completed. Two years later, the South Tower was opened. At 110 stories apiece, each of the Twin Towers had its own zip code. The towers remained the tallest buildings in the world until 1973, when the Sears Tower in Chicago was completed.
2001- The Twin Towers are destroyed in the September 11 terrorist attacks. More than 2800 were killed in the attacks on the towers, including hundreds of New York firefighters and police officers.